$\wL_{r}-$biharmonic null hypersurfaces in generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes
Keywords:
Null hypersurface, $\widetilde{L}_{r}-$biharmonic, GRW spacetimes, rigging vector field.Abstract
In this paper, we derive $\wL_{r}-$biharmonic equations for null hypersurfaces $M$ in Generalized Robertson-Walker (GRW) spacetimes using linearized operators $\wL_{r}$ ($0\le r\le \dim(M)$) built uniquely from the rigged structure given by a timelike closed and conformal rigging vector field $\zeta$. After providing a characterization for $\wL_{r}-$harmonic null hypersurfaces we study $\wL_{r}-$biharmonic null hypersurfaces for $r=0$ and $r=1$ in low dimensions: null surfaces and $3-$dimensional null hypersurfaces.
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Published
2025-09-28
How to Cite
Atindogbe, C. C. (2025). $\wL_{r}-$biharmonic null hypersurfaces in generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes. International Journal of Maps in Mathematics, 8(2), 717–750. Retrieved from https://simadp.com/journalmim/article/view/350
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